Sequential determination of dynamic initiation and propagation toughness of rock using an experimental–numerical–analytical method

•An experimental–numerical–analytical method is proposed for the first time.•Dynamic initiation toughness and dynamic propagation toughness are obtained.•Single CSTFBD is used for sequential measurement of the two fracture toughness.•Crack initiation time and crack speed are measured with a crack propagation gauge.•Freund’s universal function is used to determine the dynamic propagation toughness.