Alkadienes mediating courtship in the parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Courtship in (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) involves male attraction to females and male antennation of females followed by mounting and copulation. Once the female is located, antennation and mounting of the female are mediated by the hydrocarbon fraction of female's Dufour's gland and cuticle. The identification of the cuticular hydrocarbons of males and females revealed a mixture of alkanes and alkenes, in addition to a series of alkadienes specific to females. These female-specific alkadienes reported from Braconidae are unusual among insect alkadienes in that the second double bond occurs in the middle of the molecule. Bioassays with three available alkadienes revealed that contact behaviors (antennation and mounting) are in part mediated by the (Z,Z)-7, 13-heptacosadiene and at least one other alkadiene in combination with other hydrocarbons found in males and females.