On-Line Voltage Security Assessment And Control

Voltage stability analysis and control are key applications for maintaining and enhancing the voltage security of bulk power systems. In today's control center, as power systems become more stressed and the penetration of renewable energies increases, system operators need to analyze voltage security of the systems based on actual operating conditions, contingency and power transactions of the system. In this paper, the model used to represent a power system losing stability is described. It is shown that the voltage collapse point is reached at saddle-node bifurcation or a structure-induced bifurcation. Computation of P-V curves showing system load margin to voltage collapse, system load margin to voltage-limit violation and system load margin to thermal-limit violation is presented. The architecture and example results of the Voltage Stability Analysis and Enhancement system at the California Independent System Operator implementing this research are shown. The continuation power flow engine at the core of this work is presented in detail, and study results are shown. Other key functions, contingency selection (insecure or critical) and ranking, preventive control to increase the load margin of insecure contingencies such that it is secure and enhancement control to increase the load margin of critical contingencies, are presented. Finally, a novel method to enhance the continuation power flow in handling uncertainty of renewable energy is shown. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.