Upgrade of the ALICE Experiment: Letter Of Intent
B I Abelev, J S Real, A Margotti,J G Contreras,T Karavicheva,I C Arsene,L Ramello,H Gulkanyan, M Planinic,T J M Symons,K Shtejer, S Gorbunov, A Gheata, Yiping Zhou,Mikhail Malaev,Thanushan Kugathasan, S Bjelogrlic,Jan Fiete Grosseoetringhaus,M Petris, Aungshuman Zaman, P Cariola, Stefan Thomas Heckel,A K Dubey,M Gheata, M Sumbera, S Mattiazzo,J Gerhard,P Luettig, Jussi Samuli Viinikainen,K Ullaland,M Huang,Y Kucheriaev,P Khan,M Zhalov,S Foertsch, Kaplin, A Himmi, Konstantin Mikhaylov,G Viesti, Michal Vajzer,J Mercado Perez, C Pruneau, J L Rousset,D Fabris,J Klay, L Cifarelli,T Breitner,A Bhasin,M Winn,Y Martynov,M Weber, P Jacobs,Bjarte Kileng,Claudiu Cornel Schiaua,Evgeny Ryabinkin, E Stenlund,T Anticic,S Igolkin,M A Diaz Corchero,M Krivda, G Kiss,O Villalobos Baillie, Daniel Berenyi,Hartmut Hillemanns, Yongping Wang,Sungryul Kim, M Cherney, Joel Anthony Mazer, Jiri Mares, Y Lesenechal,G De Cataldo,G Aglieri Rinella,S A Voloshin,Y W Baek,J Van Der Maarel, C Loizides, Sona Pochybova, John Wilkinson,P Zavada,G Stefanek, J Bartke,J S Kim,D Miskowiec,M Haiduc,L Sandor,S Nikolaev, M Zyzak,Sumanta K Pal,A Rodriguez Manso, S L Fokin, R Smakal,A Grigoras,M Keil,X Cai,Krzysztof Redlich,G Conesa Balbastre,Huan Yang,P Cortese, J L Adam,M Floris,E Denes,S Bottger,S Piano, Gianluca Santagati,A Ahmad Masoodi, B S Nielsen,J W Van Hoorne,P Hristov, A Zichichi,P La Rocca,A G Knospe, D Silvermyr, Lisa J Molnar,L Manceau,A Maevskaya, G Derasmo, Z Ahammed,Y Sibiriak,U Fuchs, Barret, I Ahmed, Ara Grigoryan,Miljenko Suljic,G Contin,P Cerello,S Coli, M Petran,A Bogdanov,Gideon Francois Steyn, E Da Riva, M Steinpreis,S Grigoryan, Cristiane Jahnke, A Reshetin,M Pachr,C Ionita,A Khanzadeev, Y F Ryabov,F Manso,H Borel, Manzari,S Beole,X Sanchez Castro,M D Azmi,Carl J Schmidt,G M Zinovjev, B Alessandro,P Dupieux, A M Rossi,A Szanto De Toledo,Miroslav Pikna, Martin Rudolf Wilde,E Scomparin,R Santoro,H Torii,Arild Velure,G Bruno, D G Thomas,Sanjay K Prasad,H Zbroszczyk, J Stachel,Dong Soo Hwang,A Jusko,L Valencia Palomo,N Arbor, A A Vasiliev,Igor Pshenichnov, Kovalenko,T Pawlak, F W Kramer,C Sogaard, M Reicher,Agostino Palmeri,Y P Viyogi, Kushpil,R Tieulent, P Chochula,S Kushpil, I S Zgura,G Shabratova,C Kuhn, E Botta, M G Munhoz,Nuzhat A Ahmad,P A Scott, M Gomez Marzoa,Donghui Zhou,E Calvo Villar, Henrik Hartmann, Bairathi,H Boggild,Linda Vickovic, S Aiola, J R Porter, Altini,C Furget, E Rocco, C Lagana Fernandes, Subrata Ghosh,H Pereira Da Costa,D Caffarri,S Nazarenko,Ciprian Mihai Mitu, Domenico Colella, F Colamaria,R Sahoo,E M Fiore,A Akindinov,M Masera,F Blanco, D Grondin, Natalia Maltsev, Martin Poghosyan,N Armesto, Ali Okatan,R Guernane,R Singh, J P Revol, M K Kohler, J Alme, Jan Jadlovsky,R Schicker, R P Scharenberg,S Yasnopolskiy, F Krizek, S P Sorensen, I Tymchuk,A Junique, Evgeny Kryshen,G Martinez Garcia,P L M Podestalerma,I Selyuzhenkov, J D Schipper, M Basile,I Aimo,S U Chung,R Grajcarek,T Gunji,A Sandoval, G Claus,P Foka,D A Moreira De Godoy, Raymond James Ehlers, E B Krymov,H A Erdal, S Porteboeufhoussais, Sooden,Kilian Eberhard Schwarz, E Anderssen, Benjamin Donigus, Kucera,W H Trzaska, L S Barnby,M A Subieta Vasquez,M Arslandok,M Krus,J Book,J De Cuveland, L Gorlich,M Lunardon,D Hatzifotiadou,P Malzacher,Adriana Fontes Zimmermann, C Sanchez,M Inaba, Michal Spacek,I Leon Monzon,Uwe Westerhoff,Andreas Morsch, Mais Kazim Oglu Suleymanov, O Busch, P Antonioli,K Skjerdal, R Cruz Albino, Massimiliano Marchisone,E Montes, M Niculescu,A Rachevski,G Mazza, Graham Richard Lee,Rodney J Scott,W Dulinski,B Bathen,Jian Luo,R Arnaldi, S Esumi,E Belmontmoreno,F Ronchetti,C Bortolin, M Guilbaud, T Peitzmann,Z Buthelezi,S Kiselev,Youngwoo Kwon, Davide Francesco Lodato,L Montano Zetina,Satyajit Jena,I Kisel, Ha Pham, T Sugitate,C Zampolli,Sibaji Raha,Yvonne Chiara Pachmayer, Paul Christoph Batzing,A Kravcakova,M Zynovyev, S Arcelli,D Felea,F Guber,M Germain,Jacobus Onderwaater,Catia Petta,L Massacrier,Petracek, A C Oliveira Da Silva, R Nania, C 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Yun Zhang, Peter A Christiansen, Paticchio, Xiaodong Sun,Z Conesa Del Valle,Satoshi Yano,A Dobrin,D Peresunko, Adam Szczepankiewicz,Marcoantonio Tangaro,L Pinsky,B Vulpescu,F Soramel,Y Pestov,M A Mazzoni,J Otwinowski,Maria Nicassio, A Gupta,T Kollegger,Y Schutz, Catanescu, Y Miake, Brett A Wagner, R Snellings,Ronojoy Sen Gupta,Janusz Oleniacz,O Dordic, Theo Alexander Broker, Ester Anna Rita Casula, M Benettoni, Ch Huguo, L Betev, B Hippolyte,Alexandr Tumkin, Hyungil Jung,F Costa,J Klein,I Belikov,P Riedler,A Tauro, Jozef Spalek, Sergey Evdokimov,B Guerzoni, R Renfordt, J Nystrand,C Gargiulo, Artem Shangaraev,T S Tveter,Pallab Kumar Ghosh,B Batyunya,G Segato, Maciej Pawel Szymanski, Punin,G Eyyubova, E Garciasolis,C Cheshkov,N Bianchi, Laura Bianchi,F Bossu,Rosa Romita,M Ploskon,H Caines, Oystein Senneset Haaland,M Gallio, E Spiriti, Papikyan,J P Wessels, M Mongelli,E Serradilla, D Pantano, Bernard Hicks, Nirbhay Kumar Behera,Adriana Telesca, Alexey Vyushin,D Aleksandrov, P Ijzermans,M 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JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS（2014）
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摘要
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is studying the physics of strongly interacting matter, and in particular the properties of the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP), using proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The ALICE Collaboration is preparing a major upgrade of the experimental apparatus, planned for installation in the second long LHC shutdown in the years 2018–2019. These plans are presented in the ALICE Upgrade Letter of Intent, submitted to the LHCC (LHC experiments Committee) in September 2012. In order to fully exploit the physics reach of the LHC in this field, high-precision measurements of the heavy-flavour production, quarkonia, direct real and virtual photons, and jets are necessary. This will be achieved by an increase of the LHC Pb–Pb instant luminosity up to 6×1027 cm−2s−1 and running the ALICE detector with the continuous readout at the 50 kHz event rate. The physics performance accessible with the upgraded detector, together with the main detector modifications, are presented.
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关键词
quark gluon plasma,lead,performance,natural sciences
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