How to Charge Electric Vehicles: A Comparison of Charging Infrastructure Concepts and Technologies

Electric vehicle sales are expected to soar within upcoming years. A main restraint could be the lack of charging infrastructure. With various available charging technologies, selection is an important challenge. This study provides a decision framework to select a suitable charging infrastructure technology for specific use-cases. We identify and explain the main criteria for an evaluation of charging infrastructure technologies. Furthermore, we develop an assessment framework. For the European market, we found that battery swapping stations should not be implemented. For home and workplaces, we recommend normal charging, whereas for public places and highways fast charging is preferred.