Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of Markarian 421 During Outburst

The VERITAS Collaboration,I. de la Calle Perez,A. Ibarra,P. Rodriguez,The MAGIC Collaboration,M. Böttcher,S. M. Bradbury,J. H. Buckley, V. Bugaev,Y. Butt,A. Cannon,O. Celik,A. Cesarini,Y. C. Chow,L. Ciupik,P. Cogan,P. Colin,W. Cui,R. Dickherber,C. Duke,A. D. Falcone,S. J. Fegan,J. P. Finley,G. Finnegan,P. Fortin,L. Fortson,A. Furniss,D. Gall,G. H. Gillanders, J. Grube, R. Guenette,G. Gyuk, D. Hanna,J. Holder,D. Horan,C. M. Hui,T. B. Humensky,P. Kaaret,N. Karlsson,M. Kertzman,D. Kieda,J. Kildea,A. Konopelko,H. Krawczynski, F. Krennrich,M. J. Lang,S. LeBohec, G. Maier,A. McCann,J. Millis,P. Moriarty,R. A. Ong,A. N. Otte,D. Pandel,J. S. Perkins,A. Pichel,M. Pohl,J. Quinn,K. Ragan,L. C. Reyes,P. T. Reynolds,E. Roache, H. J. Rose,M. Schroedter,G. H. Sembroski,A. W. Smith, D. Steele,S. P. Swordy,M. Theiling,J. A. Toner,A. Varlotta,S. Vincent,S. P. Wakely,J. E. Ward,T. C. Weekes,A. Weinstein,T. Weisgarber,D. A. Williams,S. Wissel,B. Zitzer,I. de la Calle Perez,A. Ibarra,P. Rodriguez H. Anderhub,L. A. Antonelli,P. Antoranz,M. Backes,C. Baixeras,S. Balestra,J. A. Barrio,D. Bastieri,J. Becerra González, J. K. Becker,W. Bednarek,K. Berger,E. Bernardini,A. Biland,R. K. Bock,G. Bonnoli,P. Bordas,D. Borla Tridon,V. Bosch-Ramon,D. Bose,I. Braun,T. Bretz,I. Britvitch,M. Camara,E. Carmona,A. Carosi,S. Commichau,J. L. Contreras,J. Cortina,M. T. Costado,S. Covino,V. Curtef,F. Dazzi,A. De Angelis,E. De Cea del Pozo,C. Delgado Mendez,R. De los Reyes,B. De Lotto,M. De Maria,F. De Sabata,A. Dominguez,D. Dorner,M. Doro,D. Elsaesser,M. Errando,D. Ferenc,E. Fernández,R. Firpo,M. V. Fonseca, L. Font,N. Galante,R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk,M. Gaug,F. Goebel,D. Hadasch,M. Hayashida,A. Herrero,D. Hildebrand,D. Höhne-Mönch,J. Hose,C. C. Hsu,T. Jogler,D. Kranich,A. La Barbera, A. Laille,E. Leonardo,E. Lindfors,S. Lombardi, F. Longo,M. López,E. Lorenz,P. Majumdar,G. Maneva,N. Mankuzhiyil,K. Mannheim,L. Maraschi,M. Mariotti,M. Martínez, D. Mazin,M. Meucci,J. M. Miranda,R. Mirzoyan,H. Miyamoto,J. Moldón,M. Moles,A. Moralejo,D. Nieto, K. Nilsson,J. Ninkovic,R. Orito,I. Oya, R. Paoletti,J. M. Paredes,M. Pasanen,D. Pascoli, F. Pauss,R. G. Pegna,M. A. Perez-Torres,M. Persic,L. Peruzzo,F. Prada,E. Prandini,N. Puchades,I. Reichardt,W. Rhode,M. Ribó,J. Rico,M. Rissi,A. Robert,S. Rügamer,A. Saggion,T. Y. Saito,M. Salvati,M. Sanchez-Conde,K. Satalecka,V. Scalzotto,V. Scapin,T. Schweizer,M. Shayduk, S. N. Shore,N. Sidro,A. Sierpowska-Bartosik,A. Sillanpää,J. Sitarek,D. Sobczynska,F. Spanier,S. Spiro,A. Stamerra,L. S. Stark,L. Takalo,F. Tavecchio,P. Temnikov,D. Tescaro,M. Teshima,M. Tluczykont,D. F. Torres,N. Turini,H. Vankov,R. M. Wagner,V. Zabalza,F. Zandanel,R. Zanin,J. Zapatero

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL（2009）

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摘要

We report on the results of two coordinated multiwavelength campaigns that focused on the blazar Markarian 421 during its 2006 and 2008 outbursts. These campaigns obtained UV and X-ray data using the XMM-Newton satellite, while the gamma-ray data were obtained utilizing three imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes, the Whipple 10 m telescope and VERITAS, both based in Arizona, as well as the MAGIC telescope, based on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The coordinated effort between the gamma-ray groups allowed for truly simultaneous data in UV/X-ray/gamma-ray wavelengths during a significant portion of the XMM-Newton observations. This simultaneous coverage allowed for a reliable search for correlations between UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray variability over the course of the observations. Investigations of spectral hysteresis and modeling of the spectral energy distributions are also presented.

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关键词

BL Lacertae objects: individual (Markarian 421),galaxies: active,gamma rays: observations,radiation mechanisms: non-thermal,X-rays: galaxies

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