A Targeted Search for Point Sources of EeV Neutrons

Alexander Aab, Diego Torres Machado,N Borodai,G P Guedes, J Neuser,R Lauer,M Ave,I M Brancus, D Kruppkehansen,Luis Del Peral,Alexei Dorofeev,C Timmermans,Bruno Daniel, K Kadija,P Sanchezlucas,Corinne Berat,Milton Leao,Shihho Cheng,D Melo,S Querchfeld, M Kleifges,R Cester,Juan Cruz Moreno,P N Dong,Stephane Coutu,I M Pepe, P Younk,M Risse,A C Fauth, A Menshikov,F Salamida,N Kunka,F Montanet, Y Guardincerri,B Kegl,Sjoert Van Velzen, R Dallier,Gualberto Avila,A Almela, M Giller,N Scharf, Angeles Lopez Aguera,D Ravignani, Lukas Middendorf, J Kleinfeller,Tokonatsu Yamamoto,Hugo R Marquez Falcon,P Pieroni, P Lebrun,V Pirronello,Luis A Anchordoqui, R Piegaia,V Verzi, Alberto Gascon Bravo,R Bonino,Martin Will, T Hebbeker, B Wilczynska,Laura Collica,Brendan Fox,A Bueno,J Martino,J C Dolivo, P Billoir,Rafael Alves Batista,A Filevich,Arnulfo Zepeda,Ivone F M Albuquerque,J Pallotta,Marianne Ludwig,A Insolia,S Petrera,I Sidelnik,Detlef Maurel,P G Isar,G Cocciolo, W Docters,C Morello,A Widom,H Dembinski,Manlio De Domenico,C Dobrigkeit,D Mandat,Jing Zhou, M Palatka,Yevgeniy Petrov,B Tome,L Nožka,Patricia Goncalves,F Arqueros,James Stapleton,L Miramonti,Patricia Hansen, Raphael Krause,Gianni Navarra,O Deligny,D Garciapinto,Marcel Straub, M Avenier,C Jarne,R Mussa,A Castellina,Eunjoo Ahn,J Diaz,R F Gamarra, M Candusso,K B Barber,Sergio Navas, R Gaior,Anne Stutz,H Salazar,Mario Scuderi,J Alvarezmuniz,Oscar Martinez Bravo,R Pelayo,Stefan Jansen,D Veberic,Roberta Colalillo,Johannes Schulz,K Daumiller, Iago Rodriguez Cabo,A P Ferguson,C Escobar,J Stasielak,C Bleve,J Pekala,H Asorey,A Herve,Jose Chinellato,Claudio Di Giulio,J R Vazquez,Jonathan Roberts, A Shadkam,Pedro Assis,H Schoorlemmer,N Fazzini,I Katkov, G Medinatanco, E D Fraenkel,Dieter Heck,Guus Van Aar,Federico Suarez,Miroslav Hrabovský,J Vicha,M Aglietta,Petr Travnicek, B Caccianiga,T Yapici,Lilian Martin,Guillermo Torralba Elipe,Ad M Van Den Berg,M C Maccarone,P Schiffer,Yue Zhu,O Tascău,K S Caballeromora,S Stanic,C E Santo,Marc Weber,P Wahrlich,Peter Mazur, E Trovato,A Aminaei, P Buchholz, Mathew J Cooper,P L Ghia,Simone Riggi, Olga Kambeitz,Julio Lozano Bahilo, J Sorokin,O Sima,G Salina, A Haungs,Silvia Mollerach, Sandra Le Coz,V Scherini,M Giammarchi,L Caccianiga,N Hollon,P Gouffon, M Tartare,Ewa Holt, M Monasor, M Cilmo,German Ros,Ralf Ulrich,P N Diep, Joao Dos Anjos,G R Snow,G Cataldi,M Pimenta,M Munchmeyer,R W Clay,I C Maris, Jorge Ruben Rodriguez Rojo, T Preda,I A Minaya,S Gambetta,C E Covault,M Niechciol, B Revenu,M Josebachuili,C Hojvat,Pham Thi Tuyet Nhung,J Aublin,Michael A Unger,Alejandra Parra,A Petrolini,G Matthiae,H Schieler,B E Fick, Bernardo Vargas Cardenas, H Lyberis,Humberto Martinez, O Kromer,D Garciagamez,Miguel Mostafa, B Rouilledorfeuil,Diane Martraire,D Boncioli,M Buscemi, Montserrat Ortiz,Esteban Roulet,Lu Lu,Rebeca Lopez,J A Bellido,Johannes Knapp,Arjen Van Vliet,Ruben Conceicao,Christopher R Williams,M Ziolkowski,Paul Sommers,A Keivani,M T Dova,Fausto Guarino, A Curutiu,Sofia Andringa, K Louedec,E J Quel, K H Kampert,Glennys R S Farrar, R Pesce,L Wiencke,G Wieczorek,Giovanni Rosa, B Keilhauer, U Frohlich,S Dasso,Ernesto Kemp,B Mitrica, Delphine Monnier Ragaigne,Alex Tapia,I Valino,A Letessierselvon,B J Whelan,Alan Watson, Jimmy Masias Meza,M Muller,Mariano Gomez Berisso,H O Klages, P H Kasper,D Zavrtanik, Jennifer Maller,G Varner,Benjamin Fuchs, Jose F Valdes Galicia,Stefano Messina,S Benzvi,J Rautenberg, Gabriel Toma, D Kuempel,Sijbrand J De Jong,P Brogueira,N Griffith,Raul Sarmento,V Rizi, M Videla,Vitor De Souza,O Scholten,Ricardo A Vazquez,Peter L Biermann,M Tueros,Miroslav Pech, M Platino,E Petermann,Edivaldo Moura Santos,Beatriz Garcia,G Parente,H Falcke,Matthias Plum,S Westerhoff, T A Harrison, M Settimo, Marcelo Zimbres Silva, N Foerster,J Espadanal,H Blumer,Jaime Rosado,D B Tridapalli,J J Beatty,M Zavrtanik,Noelia Pacheco,T Winchen,A Schulz,Danielle Lahurd,Daniel Huber,P W Gorham, Colin Baus, F Diogo, I Lhenryyvon,L Molinabueno, Y N Srivastava, M Prouza, A Chiavassa,A F Grillo,T Paul,Z Szadkowski,J Ridky,Laurentiu Caramete,W Tkaczyk,Trent D Grubb,Jeff Allen,P Privitera,F G Schroder, I Zaw, A Porcelli,Guenter Sigl,T Rossler, T Suomijarvi,Bruce R Dawson, A C Rovero, J Oehlschlager,L Latronico,T Pierog,Sean Quinn,G Marsella, A Etchegoyen,N Palmieri,Javier Gonzalez,N T Thao, D Lebrun, A Nelles,John Aj Matthews,J Castillo, J L Navarro,T Huege,T Susa,Claudia Fracchiolla, H Rivera,Agustin Lucero,G Hill,R C Shellard,Vincent Marin,L Nellen, B Wundheiler, Benjamin Morales,J D Swain,Daniel Pakk Selmidei, Carlos Medina,Octavian Fratu,Markus Lauscher,J M Figueira,S Maldera,C Aramo,Rossella Caruso,Piotr Homola, O Ravel,A M Badescu,Sergio Pastor,D Nosek,E Menichetti,B Gookin,C A Moura, Steven J Saffi, Flavia Gomez Albarracin, F Contreras,M S Sutherland,James W Cronin, H Glass, S Grebe,F Sarazin, Lenka Tomankova,William C Brown, A Tonachini,Federico Sanchez,Hernan Wahlberg,Dave F Nitz, L Valore,Pavel Horvath,Armando Di Matteo, R Meyhandan,Felix Werner,E Zas,A Filipcic, T Anticic,A Schmidt,J Chudoba,R Bardenet,S Micanovic, M Castro,Enrique Varela,X Bertou,Francisco Salesa Greus,A Segreto,Carla Bonifazi, M Melissas,Maurice Stephan, N Krohm,Walter Jm De Mello Junior,L Cazon, J Brack,R Squartini,D Maurizio,Christian Glaser,Gero Muller,P Ristori,Angela V Olinto,S J Sciutto,Andrzej śmialkowski,O Wainberg,Michelangelo Ambrosio,Rogerio M De Almeida, K Weidenhaupt,P Necesal,L Perrone,H Wilczynski, M Bohacova,Ke Fang,J Ebr,Marek Szuba, Gonzalo De La Vega,A N Yushkov,R Smida,L Villasenor,A Weindl, S Wykes,Joao De Mello Neto,Eric Mayotte,P Abreu, L Niemietz,A Gorgi,Carlos J Todero Peixoto, Joerg Horandel,M Ahlers,Daniele Martello,I Allekotte,Hermannjosef Mathes, Hal Spinka,Krijn De Vries,Ralph Engel,G Fernandez, Pedro Facal San Luis,K Becker,A G Mariazzi,David Walz, M Pontz,F Blanco,R M Kieckhafer, J Gitto, H Gemmeke,J L Harton,Bruno Zamorano, M R Coluccia, Adrienne Criss,P Schovanek,Sayri Tupac Garcia Roca,J Tiffenberg, G Garilli, M I Micheletti,N Dhital,K Link,D Harari,Biswaijt Sarkar, C Ruhle,M D Rodriguezfrias,P M Mantsch,M Erdmann,R Sato,M Oliveira,Max Malacari,P Allison, P Karhan,Guofeng Yuan,Miguel Rodriguez Blanco,A Saftoiu,Markus Roth,J Bauml,P Lautridou, Primo F Gomez Vitale,A Daniel Supanitsky,Ivan De Mitri,W Carvalho,Tim Niggemann

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS（2014）

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摘要

A flux of neutrons from an astrophysical source in the Galaxy can be detected in the Pierre Auger Observatory as an excess of cosmic-ray air showers arriving from the direction of the source. To avoid the statistical penalty for making many trials, classes of objects are tested in combinations as nine "target sets," in addition to the search for a neutron flux from the Galactic center or from the Galactic plane. Within a target set, each candidate source is weighted in proportion to its electromagnetic flux, its exposure to the Auger Observatory, and its flux attenuation factor due to neutron decay. These searches do not find evidence for a neutron flux from any class of candidate sources. Tabulated results give the combined p-value for each class, with and without the weights, and also the flux upper limit for the most significant candidate source within each class. These limits on fluxes of neutrons significantly constrain models of EeV proton emission from non-transient discrete sources in the Galaxy.

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关键词

cosmic rays,Galaxy: disk,methods: data analysis

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