Structural and optical properties and photoluminescence mechanism of fluorine-doped SnO 2 films during the annealing process

The room temperature PL spectra show weak UV emission, intense violet emission and broad and weak blue emission. The violet emission related with F substitutions and oxygen vacancies is composed of three PL subbands centered at 385.20nm (3.22eV, P2), 409.33nm (3.03eV, P3) and 441.69nm (2.81eV, P4). According to the PL emission, the energy level of F substitutions and VO donor levels are located near the conduction band, while the VO energy level is relatively close to the valence band.