كيمياء الغلاف الجوي وطبيعة الغلاف الجوي لمدينة متقدمة كبرى (لندن): لمحة عامة عن تجربة ريبارتي واستنتاجاتها
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics(2012)
摘要
The REgents PARk and Tower Environmental
Experiment (REPARTEE) comprised two campaigns in London
in October 2006 and October/November 2007. The experiment
design involved measurements at a heavily trafficked
roadside site, two urban background sites and an elevated
site at 160–190m above ground on the BT Tower,
supplemented in the second campaign by Doppler lidar measurements
of atmospheric vertical structure. A wide range
of measurements of airborne particle physical metrics and
chemical composition were made as well as measurements
of a considerable range of gas phase species and the fluxes of
both particulate and gas phase substances. Significant findings
include (a) demonstration of the evaporation of trafficgenerated
nanoparticles during both horizontal and vertical
atmospheric transport; (b) generation of a large base of information
on the fluxes of nanoparticles, accumulation mode
particles and specific chemical components of the aerosol
and a range of gas phase species, as well as the elucidation
of key processes and comparison with emissions inventories;
(c) quantification of vertical gradients in selected aerosol and
trace gas species which has demonstrated the important role
of regional transport in influencing concentrations of sulphate,
nitrate and secondary organic compounds within the
atmosphere of London; (d) generation of new data on the
atmospheric structure and turbulence above London, including
the estimation of mixed layer depths; (e) provision of
new data on trace gas dispersion in the urban atmosphere
through the release of purposeful tracers; (f) the determination
of spatial differences in aerosol particle size distributions
and their interpretation in terms of sources and physicochemical
transformations; (g) studies of the nocturnal oxidation
of nitrogen oxides and of the diurnal behaviour of nitrate
aerosol in the urban atmosphere, and (h) new information on
the chemical composition and source apportionment of particulate
matter size fractions in the atmosphere of London
derived both from bulk chemical analysis and aerosol mass
spectrometry with two instrument types.
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