Novel applications of the Onyx liquid embolic system: illustrative review of treating peripheral vascular, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal pathologies

indications and contraindications for lymphangiography.2. Understand the roles of lymphoscintigraphy and lymphangiography and how the two studies can combine to further enhance the quality of patient care. Background: Background: Previously the primary imaging technique to evaluate lymph nodes for cancer and infection, lymphangiography has been overtaken by cross-sectional and nuclear imaging. It however remains important in patients with chylous ascites and/or effusions for surgical planning or direct percutanous intervention. Clinical Findings/Procedure Details: Technique: Traditional technique involves four basic steps. 1) Injection of blue dye in the web spaces of the hands or feet. 2) Cutdown and cannulation of a blue lymphatic duct. 3) Slow injection of fat-based dye. 4) Periodic fluoroscopy, radiography and/or CT. Intranodal technique involves three basic steps. 1) Ultrasoundguided puncture of a groin lymph node. 2) Slow injection of fatbased dye. 3) Periodic fluoroscopy, radiography and/or CT. Complications: Severe complications are extremely rare. Minor complications include dye reaction and infection at the injection site. Conclusion and/or Teaching Points: