A black hen lays white eggs. Bipartite multiplier out of Montgomery one for on-line RSA verification
Lecture Notes in Computer Science(2008)
摘要
This paper proposes novel algorithms for computing double-size modular multiplications with few modulus-dependent precomputations. Low-end devices such as smartcards are usually equipped with hardware Montgomery multipliers. However, due to progresses of mathematical attacks, security institutions such as NIST have steadily demanded longer bit-lengths for public-key cryptography, making the multipliers quickly obsolete. In an attempt to extend the lifespan of such multipliers, double-size techniques compute modular multiplications with twice the bit-length of the multipliers. Techniques are known for extending the bit-length of classical Euclidean multipliers, of Montgomery multipliers and the combination thereof, namely bipartite multipliers. However, unlike classical and bipartite multiplications, Montgomery multiplications involve modulus-dependent precomputations, which amount to a large part of an RSA encryption or signature verification. The proposed double-size technique simulates double-size multiplications based on single-size Montgomery multipliers, and yet precomputations are essentially free: in air 2048-bit RSA encryption or signature verification with public exponent e = 2(16) + 1, the proposal with a 1024-bit Montgomery multiplier is 1.4 times faster than the best previous technique.
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关键词
Montgomery multiplication,double-size technique,RSA,efficient implementation,smartcard
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