Robust high-capacity watermarking scheme based on Euclidean norms and quick coefficient alignment

This paper proposes simple but robust digital watermarking for color images based on Euclidean norms and quick coefficient alignment. For increasing the amount of hidden storage, we embedded two data bits in a host block at a time using a quick adjustment technique and four criteria that follow Euclidean norms of pixels. Simulations confirmed that a large number of secret bits can be embedded in host images without compromising image quality. In addition, our method is free from the underflow/overflow issue. The hidden storage provided by the proposed method is larger than that provided by existing color image watermarking techniques. The watermarked images generated by the proposed method are robust against various types of attacks such as cropping, Gaussian/uniform noise addition, inversion, JPEG, JPEG2000, and zigzagging.