Improving first responders' psychogenic nonepileptic seizures diagnosis accuracy: Development and validation of a 6-item bedside diagnostic tool.

•PNES are common, misdiagnosed, and wrongly treated.•This leads to increased health-care cost and morbidity and less than optimal outcomes.•First responders' impression at the emergency site may be key in the subsequent approach to PNES.•Practical bedside diagnostic tools are helpful in raising the suspicion of PNES.•Education is pivotal for safer approaches to PNES and may decrease treatment gap.