A time domain discontinuous Galerkin surface integral equation method for electromagnetic scattering analysis of nonpenetrable objects

The discontinuous Galerkin surface integral (IEDG) method provides an appealing solution to the large-scale and multi-scale electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems. It employs the square integrable surface vector functions for both the trial and test function spaces, without considering the continuity across the element's boundaries. Based on the combined integral equation (CFIE), the Galerkin weak formulation can be established using particular surface and contour boundary penalty terms (Z. Peng, K.-H. Lim and J.-F. Lee, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 61, 3617–3628, 2013). Various applications in challenging real-world objects composed of both nonpenetrable and piecewise homogeneous materials have demonstrated the flexibility and versatility of the IEDG method.