Protein Labeling in Escherichia coli with (2)H, (13)C, and (15)N.

A number of structural biology techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and small-angle neutron scattering can be performed with proteins with nuclei at natural isotope abundance. However, the use of proteins labeled with stable isotopes (H-2, C-13, and N-15) enables greater experimental flexibility. In this chapter, several methods for uniform and fractional protein labeling with stable isotopes using Escherichia coli in a defined media are described. The methods described can be used for labeling with single or multiple isotopes.