Risk factors for bloodstream infection caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: A focus on antimicrobials including cefepime.

•We conduct a 5-year retrospective case-case-control study at a Detroit hospital.•We identify risk factors for bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.•Those predictors include central venous catheter, prior β-lactam therapy, and prior cefepime therapy.•Prior antimicrobial therapy was the strongest unique risk factor.•Predictor of bloodstream infection caused by nonextended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing pathogens was foley catheter insertion.