HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Pregnant Women in Jamaica: A Preliminary Report.

This preliminary report sought to provide insight into the genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (HIVDR) in Jamaica. This was done by investigating the genetic diversity associated with drug resistance in pregnant women living with HIV attending antenatal clinics in Kingston, Jamaica. Blood samples were collected and viral RNA were extracted and analysed. The protease and reverse transcriptase (Pro-RT) genes were amplified using the nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Polymerase chain reaction amplicons were obtained for nine (56%) of 16 patients, of which five (55%) were antiretroviral (ARV) drug naive and four (45%) were treatment experienced. Three minor protease inhibitor resistant-conferring mutations (A71AT, A71V, A71T) and five mutations conferring high to low-level resistance (K219EK, T69S, K103S, G190A and K103N) were detected in the RT region. More than 50% of the resistance mutations found were detected in ARV drug naive individuals, implying that viruses are being transmitted with the ARV resistance. These preliminary results will inform the health practitioners of the level of drug resistance that is being transmitted as well as strengthen the need to initiate a national baseline survey on HIVDR in Jamaica.