In vivo quantification of lumbar disc degeneration: assessment of ADC value using a degenerative scoring system based on Pfirrmann framework

Purpose To evaluate the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a quantitative means to assess the degree of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration contextually within the framework of a widely used Pfirrmann classification rather than in a direct correlation with Pfirrmann grades. Methods DWI and T2-weighted (T2w) of lumbar spine were acquired from nine healthy volunteers (age range 27–62 years, mean age 45 years) with a 3T MR scanner. ADC values were obtained from each of the five lumbar discs via a pixel-by-pixel ADC calculation as well as via region of interest-averaged image intensities. Disc degeneration was assessed by a scoring system via sequential application of Pfirrmann scale and use of intensity ratio of IVD/cerebrospinal fluid in T2w for discs in each Pfirrmann grade to be further separated. Results A significant correlation was observed between degenerative scores and ADC independent of how ADC was obtained (Spearman’s ρ < −0.85, P < 2 × 10 −14 ). Conclusions This study demonstrates that previously perceived as an overlap in ADC value existing between different degenerative categories based on a visual inspection can be viewed as a quantitative role of ADC in assessment of disc degeneration. This reinforces the Pfirrmann classification system but also proceeds beyond mere qualitatively determining morphologic states.