Toll-like receptor expression in the nervous system of bovine alpha-herpesvirus-infected calves.

•The expression levels of viral Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the nervous system of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5)-infected calves were investigated.•A significant increase in the expression of TLRs 3 and 7–9 was found in the bovine nervous system.•The magnitude of the increase was lower in BoHV-1-infected calves.•The expression of TLRs 3 and 7–9 might be associated with the development of neurological disease caused by BoHV-5.•Modulation of the signalling pathways mediated by TLRs might provide an effective approach to control the neuro-immune response to BoHV-5.