Potential influence of invisible coronary collateral circulation on fractional flow reserve of donor artery in the presence of severe stenosis of receiving artery

We reported a case of 78-year-old male who had a severe stenosis in the right coronary artery (RCA) and an intermediate stenosis in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) without visible collateral flow to the RCA on angiogram. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the LAD lesion, which revealed significant value as 0.70, increased to 0.78 after revascularization of the RCA lesion. The FFR in an intermediate stenosis should be performed after PCI for severe stenosis in the other coronary arteries. Otherwise, the severity of the stenosis could be overestimated due to the presence of invisible collateral circulation.