Multimodality imaging of the effects of a novel dentifrice on oral biofilm.

Objective: Oral biofilm formation and progression on the surface of the tooth can lead to advanced oral disease such as gingivitis. The purpose of this randomized, controlled, double-blinded study was to evaluate the effects of a novel dental gel on oral plaque biofilm using multimodal imaging techniques. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five subjects with moderate gingival inflammation (Loe and Silness Gingival Index >= 2) and pocket depths <4 were randomly assigned to brush twice daily for 21 days with the test or the control dental gel. In vivo multimodality in situ imaging was performed over a 3-week period using in vivo Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Non-Linear Optical microscopy (NLOM). Plaque levels, gingival inflammation and gingival bleeding were also charted on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 using standard clinical indices. Results: After 3 weeks, OCT and NLOM images showed a macroscopic break-up of the plaque layer and smaller, fragmented residual deposits in the test group with no apparent changes in the pellicle. Biofilm was also reduced in the control group, but to a lesser degree with regard to thickness, continuity and surface area. Paralleling these imaging results, clinical indices were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05) and significantly lower in the test group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both dental gels reduced oral biofilm with the test gel showing greater efficacy (P<0.05) as determined by clinical and imaging parameters. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.