Sonographic appearance of adnexal torsion, correlation with other imaging modalities, and clinical history.

This pictorial essay illustrates the varied imaging appearances of adnexal torsion and its diagnostic pitfalls. This is a difficult diagnosis with many false positives and false negatives. Diagnosis is mostly based on clinical history and ultrasound examination, with computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance used to support the diagnosis and to exclude other pathologies.