The axonal endoplasmic reticulum and protein trafficking: Cellular bootlegging south of the soma.

•Classical models of axon transport are compared to axonal biosynthesis.•We review the structure of the axonal endoplasmic reticulum.•We examine its role in trafficking and transport of axonal proteins.•We analyze the contribution of other secretory organelles to axonal trafficking.•We analyze the malfunction of the axonal endoplasmic reticulum in neuropathology.