Evaluation and application of alternative air pollution exposure metrics in air pollution epidemiology studies

Periodic review, revision and subsequent implementation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for criteria air pollutants rely upon various types of scientific air quality, exposure, toxicological dose–response and epidemiological information. Exposure assessment has a pivotal role in the evaluation of concentration–effects relationships for air pollutants during both standard setting process and in the selection of optimal risk mitigation strategies.