Incidence and prognosis of dysnatraemia in critically ill patients: analysis of a large prevalence study.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION(2013)
摘要
Background The objective of this study is to assess the impact of dysnatraemia on mortality among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a large, international cohort. Material and methods Analysis of the Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC II) study, a 1-day (8 May 2007) worldwide multicenter, prospective point prevalence study. Hyponatraemia was categorized as mild (130-134 mM/L), moderate (125-129 mM/L) or severe (< 125 mM/L). Hypernatraemia was also categorized as mild (146-150 mM/L), moderate (151-155 mM/L) or severe (> 155 mM/L). Patients with normal serum sodium (135-145 mM/L) constituted the reference group. The main outcome was hospital mortality. Analysis was conducted separately for patients admitted on the study day (25.8%) and those already present on the ICU (74.2%). Results Serum sodium was measured in 13 276 of the 13 796 patients (96.2%). A total of 3815 patients (28.7%) had dysnatraemia: 12.9% with hyponatraemia and 15.8% with hypernatraemia. The prevalence of dysnatraemia was significantly greater in patients already present on the ICU prior to the study day than for those just admitted (13.1% vs. 12.3% for hyponatraemia and 17.1% vs. 12.1% for hypernatraemia, both P < 0.001). Hospital mortality rates were higher in patients with dysnatraemia than in those with normal sodium levels and were directly related to the severity of hypo- and hypernatraemia. This association between dysnatraemia and mortality was similar in infected and noninfected patients (P = 0.061). Conclusions Dysnatraemia is more frequent during the ICU stay than on the day of admission. Dysnatraemia in the ICU - even mild - is an independent predictor of increased hospital mortality.
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关键词
Hypernatraemia,hyponatraemia,intensive care,propensity score,sodium
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