Risk factors for hospital mortality in valve replacement with porcine bioprosthesis at an universitary institution.

Objective: Study designed to identify characteristics of patients related to increased hospital mortality after valve replacement, assumed as risk factors. Methods: Retrospective study including 808 patients submitted to the implant of St. Jude Biocor porcine bioprosthesis between 1994 and 2009 at Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul. Primary outcome was hospital death and hospital mortality was related to demographic and surgical characteristics. Statistics include t-test, qui-square test and logistical regression analysis. Results: There were 80 (9.9%) hospital deaths. Risk factors identified with univariable logistical analysis (and respective odds-ratio) were: tricuspid surgery (OR 6.11); mitral valve replacement (OR 3.98); left ventricular ejection fraction < 30% (OR 3.82); diabetes mellitus (OR 2.55); atrial fibrillation (OR 2.32); pulmonary arterial hypertension (OR 2.30); serum creatinine >= 1,4 mg/dL (OR 2.28); previous cardiac surgery (OR 2.17); systemic arterial hypertension (OR 1.93); functional class III e IV (OR 1.92); coronary bypass (OR 1.81); age >= 70 years-old (OR 1.80); congestive heart failure (OR 1.73); e female gender (OR 1.68). Multivariable logistic regression for independent factors identified preponderant risk factors mitral valve replacement (OR 5.29); tricuspid surgery (OR 3.07); diabetes mellitus (OR 2.72); age >= 70 years-old (OR 2.62); coronary [GRAPHICS] bypass (OR 2.43); previous cardiac surgery (OR 1.82); e systemic arterial hypertension (OR 1.79). Conclusions: Mortality rate is within values found in literature. Identification of risk factors could contribute to changes in surgical indication and medical management in order to reduce hospital mortality.