Prostate cancer cell phenotypes based on AGR2 and CD10 expression

The combination of expression patterns of AGR2 (anterior gradient 2) and CD10 by prostate cancer provided four phenotypes that correlated with clinical outcome. Based on immunophenotyping, CD10 low AGR2 high , CD10 high AGR2 high , CD10 low AGR2 low , and CD10 high AGR2 low were distinguished. AGR2 + tumors were associated with longer recurrence-free survival and CD10 + tumors with shorter recurrence-free survival. In high-stage cases, the CD10 low AGR2 high phenotype was associated with a ninefold higher recurrence-free survival than the CD10 high AGR2 low phenotype. The CD10 high AGR2 high and CD10 low AGR2 low phenotypes were intermediate. The CD10 high AGR2 low phenotype was most frequent in high-grade primary tumors. Conversely, bone and other soft tissue metastases, and derivative xenografts, expressed more AGR2 and less CD10. AGR2 protein was readily detected in tumor metastases. The CD10 high AGR2 low phenotype in primary tumors is predictive of poor outcome; however, the CD10 low AGR2 high phenotype is more common in metastases. It appears that AGR2 has a protective function in primary tumors but may have a role in the distal spread of tumor cells.