Nanocrystalline indium tin oxide fabricated via sol-gel combustion for electrochemical luminescence cells.

Nanoporous indium tin oxide (ITO) was synthesized via a sol-gel combustion hybrid method using Ketjenblack as a fuel. The effects of the sol-gel combustion conditions on the structures and morphology of the ITO particles were studied. The size of the nanoporous powder was found to be 20 similar to 30 nm in diameter. The layer of the nanoporous ITO electrode (similar to 10 mu m thickness) with large surface area (similar to 360 m(2)/g) was fabricated for an electrochemical luminescence (ECL) cell. At 4 V bias, the ECL efficiency of the cell consisting of the nanoporous ITO layer was approximately 1050 cd/m(2), which is significantly higher than the cell using only the FTO electrode (450 cd/m(2)). The nanoporous ITO layer was effective in increasing the ECL intensities.