Simple and highly enantioselective electrochemical aptamer-based binding assay for trace detection of chiral compounds.

A new electrochemical methodology is reported for monitoring in homogeneous solution the enantiospecific binding of a small chiral analyte to an aptamer. The principle relies on the difference of diffusion rates between the targeted molecule and the aptamer/target complex, and thus on the ability to more easily electrochemically detect the former over the latter in a homogeneous solution. This electrochemical detection strategy is significant because, in contrast to the common laborious and time-consuming heterogeneous binding approaches, it is based on a simple and fast homogeneous binding assay which does not call for an aptamer conformational change upon ligand binding. The methodology is here exemplified with the specific chiral recognition of trace amounts of L- or D-tyrosinamide by a 49-mer D- or L-deoxyribooligonucleotide receptor. Detection as low as 0.1% of the minor enantiomer in a nonracemic mixture can be achieved in a very short analysis time (<1 min). The assay finally combines numerous attractive features including simplicity, rapidity, low cost, flexibility, low volume samples (few microliters), and homogeneous format.