Screening, identification, and functional analysis of three novel missense mutations in the TRADD gene in children with ALL and ALPS.

Background. Apoptosis is known to be a crucial process involved in embryogenesis, development and homeostasis of the immune Imparied apoptosis causes dysfunction of lymphocyte homeostasis, growth advantage or tumor cells as well as resistance to current treatment protocols. To investigate the role of the apoptosis adaptor molecules TRADD and FADD in the development of hematological diseases, patient samples were screened for mutations in these genes. Procedure. Genomic DNA from 51 children suffering from B-lineage-ALL (n = 17), T-lineage-ALL 0 24), ALPS Type la (n=3) arid ALPS Type III (n = 7) were analyzed. Genomic DNA nom 50 unrelated donors without hematological diseases served as controls. Identified mutations were cloned mid then influence oil cell viability and NF kappa B activation was analyzed by flow cytometry and luciferase assay, respectively. Results. In the FADD gene no genetic alteration could be detected. However, three novel missene mutations in the TRADD gene could be detected. They are located within a region of TRADD known to exert mainly anti-apoptotic effects for example through the activation of the NF kappa B pathway. Functional analysis of cells overexpressing mutant TRADD cDNA demonstrated a reduced NF kappa B activity and consequently increased cell death compared to wild-type TRADD. Conclusion. Mutuation in the TRADD gene may contribute to the development of different hematological diseases. The identified mutations demonstrate a putative impact on TRADD signaling and cell survival but may not mainly explain the pathology of the diseases investigated,