Chronic HBV infection in a two year-old girl in spite of correct HBV vaccination after birth]

Our case story is about a two year-old girl who, despite full vaccination with neonatal hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccination and revaccination with hepatitis B vaccine at one, two and 12 months of age, got chronic hepatitis B presumably due to intrauterine mother-to-child transmission. Her mother was known to be HBsAg and HBeAg positive with genotype C and a viral load of one billion IU/ml. It is important that children with HBV infection are detected and seen in a special department. Post-vaccination screening of children from HBsAg positive mothers should be considered.