PRAME (preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma) is a novel marker for differentiating serous carcinoma from malignant mesothelioma.

The FRAME (preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma) gene was previously shown to be overexpressed in ovarian/primary peritoneal serous carcinoma compared with malignant mesothelioma using gene expression arrays. The objective of this study was to validate this finding at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of 126 mullerian carcinomas and 23 malignant mesotheliomas showed significantly higher PRAME mRNA expression in the former tumor (P < .001, test sensitivity and specificity, 89% and 91%, respectively). PRAME protein was expressed in 41 of 50 mullerian carcinomas and 0 of 30 mesotheliomas using Western blotting (P < .001; test sensitivity and specificity, 82% and 100%, respectively). PRAME levels in mullerian carcinoma were unrelated to survival; however, PRAME protein expression was up-regulated in solid metastases compared with primary carcinoma and effusions (P < .001). Our data confirm that PRAME effectively differentiates mullerian carcinoma from malignant mesothelioma at the mRNA and protein levels, suggesting a role in the diagnostic workup of serosal cancers.