Bradyzide, A Potent Non-Peptide B-2 Bradykinin Receptor Antagonist With Long-Lasting Oral Activity In Animal Models Of Inflammatory Hyperalgesia

1 Bradyzide is from a novel class of rodent-selective non-peptide B-2 bradykinin antagonists (1-(2-Nitrophenyl)thiosemicarbazides).2 Bradyzide has high affinity for the rodent B-2 receptor, displacing [H-3]-bradykinin binding in NG108-15 cells and in Cos-7 cells expressing the rat receptor with K-I values of 0.51 +/- 0.18 nM (n = 3) and 0.89 +/- 0.27 nM (n = 3), respectively.3 Bradyzide is a competitive antagonist, inhibiting B-2 receptor-induced Ca-45 efflux from NG108-15 cells with a pK(B) of 8.0 +/- 0.16 (n = 5) and a Schild slope of 1.05.4 In the rat spinal cord and tail preparation, bradyzide inhibits bradykinin-induced ventral root depolarizations (IC50 value; 1.6 +/- 0.05 nM (n = 3)).5 Bradyzide is much less potent at the human than at the rodent B-2 receptor, displacing [H-3]-bradykinin binding in human fibroblasts and in Cos-7 cells expressing the human B-2 receptor with K-I values of 393 +/- 90 nM (n = 3) and 772 +/- 144 nM (n = 3), respectively. Bradyzide inhibits bradykinin-induced [H-3]-inositol trisphosphate (IP3) formation with IC50 values of 11.6 +/- 1.4 nM (n = 3) at the rat and 2.4 +/- 0.3 mu M (n = 3) at the human receptor.6 Bradyzide does not interact with a range of other receptors, including human and rat B-1 bradykinin receptors.7 Bradyzide is orally available and blocks bradykinin-induced hypotension and plasma extravasation.8 Bradyzide shows long-lasting oral activity in rodent models of inflammatory hyperalgesia, reversing Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat knee joint (ED50, 0.84 mu mol kg(-1); duration of action >4 h). It is equipotent with morphine and diclofenac, and 1000 times more potent than paracetamol, its maximal effect exceeding that of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Bradyzide does not exhibit tolerance when administered over 6 days;9 In summary, bradyzide is a potent, orally active, antagonist of the B-2 bradykinin receptor, with selectivity for the rodent over the human receptor.