An Energy Harvesting 2$times$2 60 GHz Transceiver With Scalable Data Rate of 38–2450 Mb/s for Near-Range Communication

A fully integrated 2$times$2 CMOS transceiver at 60 GHz with energy harvesting capability in the transmitter mode and on-chip dipole antennas is demonstrated. The radio supports on-off-keying (OOK) modulation and a programmable data rate of 38 to 2450 Mb/s at a BER of less than 5$times$10$^{-4}$. The power consumption of the transmitter scales with data rate from 100 $mu$W to 6.3 mW at 5 cm range and from 260 $mu$W to 11.9 mW at 10 cm range. This yields an energy efficiency of 2.6 pJ/b at 5 cm and 4.9 pJ/b at 10cm. The energy harvesting circuits operate at 2.45 GHz with an average efficiency of 33%. The harvesting antenna and its matching components are off-chip. The complete transceiver including the energy harvesting block and on-chip antennas occupies 1.62 mm$^{2}$ in 40 nm CMOS.