A survey of fingerprint classification Part I: Taxonomies on feature extraction methods and learning models.

•The state-of-the-art on fingerprint classification is reviewed.•A double perspective of the fingerprint classification problem is considered: feature extraction and learning models.•Three taxonomies are proposed: orientation map extraction, singular point detection and feature extraction.•The different classification approaches considered in fingerprint classification are reviewed.•A critical discussion is presented, which has led us to develop the second part of this paper.