Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of rice tranglutaminase and chloroplast-related proteins

•Transglutaminases (TGases) are enzymes of a great importance in biological processes that regulate protein cross-linking using different substrates. There are much studied in animals, humans and microorganisms. One of the most studied is the Factor XIII of blood coagulation.•Plant TGases are scarcely known. Only maize (TGZ) and, recently, rice TGase (TGO) had been cloned until present (both in our research group).•In the present work, some plastidial TGO-related proteins are identified for the first time by means of a proteomic in vitro system.•The Dynamic Platform Fluidigm™ was used for transcriptomic in vivo analyses of 30 different plastidial genes. The use of this Platform is very new. This is the first time that it has been used to analyze relative mRNA expression of plant leaf genes in different environmental conditions.•The results revealed that TGO is light dependent, regulated by the illumination period, and related to plastidial proteins specially that implicated in photoprotection and in thylakoid electrochemical gradient. These relationships seem to be also connected with the day/night cycling of gene expression, suggesting that tgo expression might be regulated in a similar manner as other circadian genes, perhaps by the mRNA expression of its own substrates.