Gain characteristics of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped waveguide amplifiers

Novel formulas to analyze the gain characteristics of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped waveguide amplifiers (EYCDWA) are derived from the rate equations and the light propagation equations under the uniform dopant and steady-state conditions, neglecting the amplified spontaneous emission and introducing initial energy transfer efficiency. Using these formulas, the effects of the pumping power, signal power, dopant concentration, and waveguide length on the gain characteristics of the EYCDWA are analyzed. A comparison is performed between the EYCDWA and the singly erbium-doped optical waveguide amplifier and some useful results are obtained.