Advances in upper airway diseases and allergen immunotherapy in 2011

The purpose of this review is to highlight recently published important articles on upper airway diseases and immunotherapy. We review articles on rhinitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and immunotherapy. New insights into epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy are described for each of the above diseases. Regarding immunotherapy, we discuss numerous clinical trials on sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy, mechanisms of immunotherapy, safety, and use of modified allergens and biological agents for immunotherapy.