Field evaluation of juvenile in vitro embryo transfer (JIVET) in sheep.

The practicality of using juvenile in vitro embryo transfer (JIVET) on a field scale in China was evaluated in each of three seasons (summer, autumn and winter) from 2006 to 2007. A total of 102 donor Merino lambs (18 summer, 69 autumn and 15 winter) aged 4–8 weeks were stimulated with 4×40mg FSH administered at 12h intervals plus 400IU PMSG given at the time of the first FSH treatment. Overall, 89.2% (91/102) of the lambs exhibited follicle development and 79.1±65.5 (mean±S.D.) cumulus–oocyte complexes were recovered per donor lamb. Compared with the groups of summer (84.9±55.3) and autumn (83.6±70.8) lambs, the number of recovered cumulus–oocyte complexes was significantly decreased in winter (51.4±43.7; p<0.05). After recovery, the cumulus–oocyte complexes were matured and fertilized in vitro using frozen–thawed semen and culture in synthetic oviduct fluid medium to the 2–4-c stage of development, when they were transferred surgically in groups of 3–8 (5.33±1.47) to the ipsilateral uterine horn of a total of 603 synchronized recipients. The overall mean proportion of cumulus–oocyte complexes developing to 2-c embryos was 61.4% (4308/7013) and differed significantly between seasons (summer 38.5%, autumn 66.1%, winter 74.6%; p<0.01). Pregnancy rate assessed by ultrasound examination approximately 60 days after embryo transfer was 54.4% (328/603) overall, and 36.7% (221/603) of the recipients maintained their pregnancy to full-term, producing an average 1.49 (330/221) offspring, of which 1.21 (267/221) were viable and healthy lambs, per pregnant recipient. Pregnancy rate at day 60 was affected by season (summer 40.5%, autumn 56.7%, winter 55.7%; p<0.05), but did not differ significantly between seasons at full-term (summer 34.2%, autumn 38.9%, winter 30.4%; p>0.05). Based on the number of donors stimulated, the total number of offspring and viable progeny produced per donor lamb in autumn (5.81 and 4.87) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of summer (2.79 and 1.94) and winter (4.24 and 3.31). This study showed that each donor lamb after stimulation produced an average of 48.6 transferable embryos that resulted in 4.04 viable and healthy progeny. These results indicate that JIVET is a cost-effective method of multiplying desirable sheep genotypes in China.