Hadron cascades in thick materials II: Predictions for carbon and lead

Comparisons of hadron-cascade predictions with measurements are given at energies 52, 160, and 450 MeV of the proton beam for thick lead and carbon targets. Star densities and number densities of neutrons and charged particles in cascades were computed and parametrized at primary energies 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 10 GeV, especially for very thick lead layers. The cascades in lead layers (⪆20 cm) are dominated by evaporation neutrons. The averaged production multiplicities of evaporation neutrons per inelastic collision of an incident nucleon were found to be of the form 〈n〉 = 12.3 zαT0β (z = target thickness in cm, T0 = primary energy in GeV) with α of the form α = 0.29 + 0.013 ln T0 and β = 0.69.