Visual simulation of glazed frost

Glazed frost is a crystal clear ice and formed from supercooled raindrops that freeze when they hit object surfaces such as the ground and branches of trees. Simulation methods for formation of ice crystal, such as frost, on the surface of objects have been proposed by Kim et al. [Kim et al. 2004]. However, a supercooling state has to be considered for simulating freezing rain, and fluid simulation is required for reproducing the effect of raindrops running down on the ice surfaces. To our best knowledge, there has been no research presenting glazed frost by using a fluid simulation. We use the fluid simulation based on FLIP method [Zhu and Bridson 2005]. Hence, raindrops and obstacles are represented by particles which are used to calculate the advection term, and the update of velocity field are calculated by using grids except for advection term. We propose a method to create an animation of glazed frost formation by taking into account the heat transfer between particles and the outside grids.