Breeding of Saffron (Crocus sativus): Possibilities and Problems

Breeding of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), its position, urgency and topicality of the problem are considered in the present review. New unusual strategies are proposed for genetic improvement of saffron in order to increase yield production both in quality and quantity. Complexity and extraordinary feature of the problem is drawn. The ways of breeding are analyzed and recommended in close acquaintance with exceptionally specific biological peculiarities of this triploid plant. The application of contemporary biotechnological methods makes solving this problem more feasible. The present report is a reflection of a large research project related to the problem of saffron breeding, started in ABRII in 2003. Underlying reason of the mentioned project is our firm conviction based on many years of studying the biology, systematics, cytogenetics, and embryology of saffron that in spite of intricacy of the subject, not only breeding (especially clonal selection) of this plant is possible, but also is necessary and this problem for today stands rather burning. It promises to give annual large profit, where the plant is cultivated in a vast expanse.