Urological manifestations of vascular disease

With the aging of the North American population, urologists will encounter the urological manifestations of vascular disease with ever-increasing frequency. These manifestations include renovascular hypertension, ischemic nephropathy, erectile dysfunction, and the complications of vascular surgery, including acute renal failure, ureteral obstruction, and ejaculatory/erectile dysfunction. This article reviews each of these subjects with an emphasis on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.