Detection of Antineutrinos for Non-Proliferation
Nuclear Science and Engineering(2003)
摘要
We discuss the feasibility of using the detection of electron antineutrinos
produced in fission to monitor the time dependence of the plutonium content of
nuclear power reactors. If practical such a scheme would allow world-wide,
automated monitoring of reactors and, thereby, the detection of certain
proliferation scenarios. For GW$_e$ power reactors the count rates and the
sensitivity of the antineutrino spectrum (to the core burn-up) suggest that
monitoring of the gross operational status of the reactor from outside the
containment vessel is feasible. As the plutonium content builds up in a given
burn cycle the total number of antineutrinos steadily drops and this variation
is quite detectable, assuming fixed reactor power. The average antineutrino
energy also steadily drops, and a measurement of this variation would be very
useful to help off set uncertainties in the total reactor power. However, the
expected change in the antineutrino signal from the diversion of a significant
quantity (SQ) of plutonium, which would typically require the diversion of as
little as a single fuel assemblies in a GW$_e$ reactor, would be very difficult
to detect.
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关键词
spectrum,nuclear power,electric power
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