First satellite-imaging observation of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances by FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL

On the night of May 16, 2007, a satellite limb imager of FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL observed wave-like structures of the 630-nm airglow simultaneously with an all-sky imager deployed at Darwin in Australia. The height of the airglow layer was estimated as 220 km, and the structures were aligned in the northeast-southwest orientation with a wavelength of similar to 300 km and propagated toward the northwest with a phase velocity of similar to 100 m s(-1), showing typical characteristics of the nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). We conclude that ISUAL for the first time succeeded in observing the airglow layer altitude and airglow structures modulated by MSTID from space. Such a satellite limb airglow imaging could be a new tool to characterize ionospheric irregularities on a global level. Citation: Adachi, T., Y. Otsuka, M. Yamaoka, M. Yamamoto, K. Shiokawa, A. B. Chen, and R.-R. Hsu (2011), First satellite-imaging observation of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances by FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L04101, doi:10.1029/2010GL046268.