Conversational Agents in E-Learning

This paper discusses the use of natural language or 'conversational' agents in e-learning environments. We describe and contrast the various applications of conversational agent technology represented in the e-learning literature, including tutors, learning companions, language practice and systems to encourage reflection. We offer two more detailed examples of conversational agents, one which provides learning support, and the other Support for self-assessment. Issues and challenges for developers of conversational agent systems for e-learning are identified and discussed.