Effects of preemptive intravenous lornoxicam on the analgesic efficacy of epidural morphine and expression of chemokines in women undergoing hysterectomy.

Background: It is believed that preemptive IV lornoxicam treatment can reduce the consumption of other analgesics, improve analgesic efficacy, and ameliorate immune function during patient-controlled IV analgesia. However, the effects of preemptive IV lornoxicam treatment on the analgesic efficacy of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with morphine and on chemokine expression remain unknown.