Evoking panic in crowd simulation

In order to exhibit panic phenomenon in the crowd simulation, special rules or parameters setting is needed for a given scene. In this paper, we present a panic model, named PPIB (Panic, Propagation and Influence on Behavior), which could evoke panic automatically under dangerous situation without manual intervention. PPIB describes panic behavior in three perspectives, including human mental factors and their variation caused by local situation, panic propagation, and influence of panic over the basic factors of pedestrian dynamic. Experiments show that combined with a dynamical crowd model, PPIB could evoke a wide variety of panic behaviors and exhibit emergent phenomena in crowd simulation.