An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of vesicular stomatitis virus antibodies

A liquid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) types New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and Indiana subtype Indiana I (VSV-IND1) antibodies in the sera of naturally and experimentally infected cattle, horses and swine. Four different VSV preparations were compared for use as antigen in the ELISA: virus used in neutralization tests, complement-fixation antigen, immunodiffusion apr gel antigen and viral glycoprotein. Comparative antibody titration results of virus neutralization (VN) and ELISA showed no statistically significant difference between serum titers obtained with the four antigens to VSV-NJ (P = 0.21) and VSV-IND1 (P = 0.14). The viral glycoprotein antigen was incorporated in the ELISA system because it is non-infectious and induces neutralizing antibodies. The reliability and variability of the ELISA was determined by testing 516 bovine, equine and swine sera which originated from areas free of vesicular stomatitis, and by testing 186 sera from areas where outbreaks occur. ELISA and VN results were correlated (P < 0.001 for both serotypes), and no statistically significant difference was found between replications of the tests. The ELISA allows the testing of a larger number of sera in a shorter time than is possible with the VN test and it can be used in diagnostic laboratories in VSV-free areas for the support of epidemiological surveillance programs.