Increased inositol phosphoglycan P-type in the second trimester in pregnant women with type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus.

A progressive insulin resistant state develops throughout human pregnancy. Inositol phosphoglycan P-type (P-IPG), a second messenger of insulin, was reported to negatively correlate with the degree of insulin resistance in non-pregnant diabetic subjects. Urinary levels of P-IPG were assessed in insulin resistant states during pregnancy such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n = 44) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM, n = 25) and in 69 normal pregnant women. Urinary levels of P-IPG were higher in GDM than controls with a positive trend of release throughout normal pregnancy (P < 0.01). P-IPG excretion was higher in diabetic (GDM and type 2 DM) than in healthy women in the second trimester (P < 0.05). A higher P-IPG urinary excretion occurs during the second trimester in pregnant women with clinically evident insulin resistance with a positive association with poor glycemic control.